The consumption of fructose may cause changes in the brain that can increase appetite and lead to overeating, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). In contrast, the findings suggest the consumption of glucose may actually increase satiety and help weight management.
"Increases in fructose consumption have paralleled the increasing prevalence of obesity, and high-fructose diets are thought to promote weight gain and insulin resistance. Fructose ingestion produces smaller increases in circulating satiety hormones compared with glucose ingestion, and central administration of fructose provokes feeding in rodents, whereas centrally administered glucose promotes satiety," the authors wrote. "Thus, fructose possibly increases food-seeking behavior and increases food intake." How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucose-mediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood.
Researchers at Yale University conducted a study to examine neurophysiological factors that might underlie associations between fructose consumption and weight gain. The study included 20 healthy adult volunteers who underwent two magnetic resonance imaging sessions in conjunction with fructose or glucose drink ingestion. The researchers measured changes in blood flow to a region of the brain called the hypothalamus—which regulates the human appetite—after each drink. They found a significantly greater drop in blood around the hypothalamus after glucose rather than fructose ingestion. The researchers found there was a significantly greater reduction in hypothalamic CBF after glucose versus fructose ingestion.
"Glucose ,but not fructose, ingestion reduced the activation of the hypothalamus, insula and striatum—brain regions that regulate appetite, motivation and reward processing; glucose ingestion also increased functional connections between the hypothalamic-striatal network and increased satiety," said Kathleen A. Page, M.D., of Yale University School of Medicine. “The disparate responses to fructose were associated with reduced systemic levels of the satiety-signaling hormone insulin and were not likely attributable to an inability of fructose to cross the blood-brain barrier into the hypothalamus or to a lack of hypothalamic expression of genes necessary for fructose metabolism."
Interestingly, a 2012 study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine concluded fructose consumption is unlikely to cause weight gain when substituted for other carbohydrates in diets with similar numbers of calories; however, fructose does increase weight gain in hypercaloric diets.
"Increases in fructose consumption have paralleled the increasing prevalence of obesity, and high-fructose diets are thought to promote weight gain and insulin resistance. Fructose ingestion produces smaller increases in circulating satiety hormones compared with glucose ingestion, and central administration of fructose provokes feeding in rodents, whereas centrally administered glucose promotes satiety," the authors wrote. "Thus, fructose possibly increases food-seeking behavior and increases food intake." How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucose-mediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood.
Researchers at Yale University conducted a study to examine neurophysiological factors that might underlie associations between fructose consumption and weight gain. The study included 20 healthy adult volunteers who underwent two magnetic resonance imaging sessions in conjunction with fructose or glucose drink ingestion. The researchers measured changes in blood flow to a region of the brain called the hypothalamus—which regulates the human appetite—after each drink. They found a significantly greater drop in blood around the hypothalamus after glucose rather than fructose ingestion. The researchers found there was a significantly greater reduction in hypothalamic CBF after glucose versus fructose ingestion.
"Glucose ,but not fructose, ingestion reduced the activation of the hypothalamus, insula and striatum—brain regions that regulate appetite, motivation and reward processing; glucose ingestion also increased functional connections between the hypothalamic-striatal network and increased satiety," said Kathleen A. Page, M.D., of Yale University School of Medicine. “The disparate responses to fructose were associated with reduced systemic levels of the satiety-signaling hormone insulin and were not likely attributable to an inability of fructose to cross the blood-brain barrier into the hypothalamus or to a lack of hypothalamic expression of genes necessary for fructose metabolism."
Interestingly, a 2012 study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine concluded fructose consumption is unlikely to cause weight gain when substituted for other carbohydrates in diets with similar numbers of calories; however, fructose does increase weight gain in hypercaloric diets.
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