Just days into New Year’s resolutions to lose weight and follow a healthy diet, a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) suggests carrying a few extra pounds on your bones actually may help you live longer. In fact, only people with body mass indexes (BMI) of 35 or higher face a significantly higher risk of early death than normal-weight individuals.
Researchers at the National Center for Health Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) performed a systematic review of reported hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality for overweight and obesity relative to normal weight in the general population. In an analysis of nearly 100 studies that included approximately 3 million adults, relative to normal weight, overall obesity (combining all grades) and higher levels of obesity were both associated with a significantly higher all-cause risk of death, while overweight was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality.
“Estimates of the relative mortality risks associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity may help to inform decision making in the clinical setting," said lead author Katherine M. Flegal, Ph.D.
For the review and meta-analysis, the researchers identified 97 studies that met inclusion criteria, which provided a combined sample size of more than 2.88 million individuals and more than 270,000 deaths.
Regions of origin of participants included the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Brazil, Israel, India and Mexico.
The researchers found that the summary HRs indicated a 6% lower risk of death for overweight; a 18% higher risk of death for obesity (all grades); a 5% lower risk of death for grade 1 obesity; and a 29% increased risk of death for grades 2 and 3 obesity. The finding that grade 1 obesity was not associated with higher mortality and suggests that the excess mortality in obesity may predominantly be due to elevated mortality at higher BMI levels.
The researchers said their findings are consistent with observations of lower mortality among overweight and moderately obese patients. “Possible explanations have included earlier presentation of heavier patients, greater likelihood of receiving optimal medical treatment, cardioprotective metabolic effects of increased body fat, and benefits of higher metabolic reserves," they said.
Researchers at the National Center for Health Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) performed a systematic review of reported hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality for overweight and obesity relative to normal weight in the general population. In an analysis of nearly 100 studies that included approximately 3 million adults, relative to normal weight, overall obesity (combining all grades) and higher levels of obesity were both associated with a significantly higher all-cause risk of death, while overweight was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality.
“Estimates of the relative mortality risks associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity may help to inform decision making in the clinical setting," said lead author Katherine M. Flegal, Ph.D.
For the review and meta-analysis, the researchers identified 97 studies that met inclusion criteria, which provided a combined sample size of more than 2.88 million individuals and more than 270,000 deaths.
Regions of origin of participants included the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Brazil, Israel, India and Mexico.
The researchers found that the summary HRs indicated a 6% lower risk of death for overweight; a 18% higher risk of death for obesity (all grades); a 5% lower risk of death for grade 1 obesity; and a 29% increased risk of death for grades 2 and 3 obesity. The finding that grade 1 obesity was not associated with higher mortality and suggests that the excess mortality in obesity may predominantly be due to elevated mortality at higher BMI levels.
The researchers said their findings are consistent with observations of lower mortality among overweight and moderately obese patients. “Possible explanations have included earlier presentation of heavier patients, greater likelihood of receiving optimal medical treatment, cardioprotective metabolic effects of increased body fat, and benefits of higher metabolic reserves," they said.
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